Designing Tunnel Lining in Anhydritic Claystones. Intensity and Distribution of Swelling Forces

Abstract The measured swelling pressures against tunnel linings range between a fraction of one MPa and 6–7 MPa. A strong spatial heterogeneity is often observed. paper integrates these considerations into procedure to design in anhydritic formations. Three-dimensional effects proper consideration shown be consistent with monitoring data lining reinforcement stresses. calculation methodology illustrated the case Lilla lining, which was monitored for more than 6 years. described leads rational away from conservatism assumption uniform two-dimensional modelling cross-section.